Kappa persecond11/14/2023 ![]() During the cyclone, several extreme gusts of greater than 83 m/s (300 km/h 190 mph 161 kn 270 ft/s) were recorded, with a maximum 5-minute mean speed of 49 m/s (180 km/h 110 mph 95 kn 160 ft/s) the extreme gust factor was in the order of 2.27–2.75 times the mean wind speed. The anemometer was mounted 10 m above ground level (and thus 64 m above sea level). The fastest wind speed not related to tornadoes ever recorded was during the passage of Tropical Cyclone Olivia on 10 April 1996: an automatic weather station on Barrow Island, Australia, registered a maximum wind gust of 113.3 m/s (408 km/h 253 mph 220.2 kn 372 ft/s) The wind gust was evaluated by the WMO Evaluation Panel who found that the anemometer was mechanically sound and the gust was within statistical probability and ratified the measurement in 2010. Highest speed The original anemometer that measured The Big Wind in 1934 at Mount Washington Observatory Local weather conditions play a key role in influencing wind speed, as the formation of hurricanes, monsoons and cyclones as freak weather conditions can drastically affect the flow velocity of the wind. The Rossby waves are themselves a different wind speed from what we experience in the lower troposphere. These operate on a global scale and move from West to East (hence being known as Westerlies). Rossby waves are strong winds in the upper troposphere. ![]() The pressure gradient, when combined with the Coriolis effect and friction, also influences wind direction. It is vital to wind speed, because the greater the difference in pressure, the faster the wind flows (from the high to low pressure) to balance out the variation. Pressure gradient is a term to describe the difference in air pressure between two points in the atmosphere or on the surface of the Earth. There are also links to be found between wind speed and wind direction, notably with the pressure gradient and terrain conditions. These include the pressure gradient, Rossby waves and jet streams, and local weather conditions. Wind speed is affected by a number of factors and situations, operating on varying scales (from micro to macro scales). Historically, wind speeds have also been classified using the Beaufort scale, which is based on visual observations of specifically defined wind effects at sea or on land. įor historical reasons, other units such as miles per hour (mph), knots (kn) or feet per second (ft/s) are also sometimes used to measure wind speeds. Since 2010 the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) also recommends meters per second for reporting wind speed when approaching runways, replacing their former recommendation of using kilometres per hour (km/h). The metre per second (m/s) is the SI unit for velocity and the unit recommended by the World Meteorological Organization for reporting wind speeds, and is amongst others used in weather forecasts in the Nordic countries. Wind direction is usually almost parallel to isobars (and not perpendicular, as one might expect), due to Earth's rotation. ![]() Wind speed affects weather forecasting, aviation and maritime operations, construction projects, growth and metabolism rate of many plant species, and has countless other implications. ![]() Wind speed is now commonly measured with an anemometer. In meteorology, wind speed, or wind flow speed, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in temperature. Global distribution of wind speed at 10m above ground averaged over the years 1981-2010 from the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ data set An anemometer is commonly used to measure wind speed.
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